Se aprobó la vacuna contra el dengue
El Ministerio de Salud informó en un comunicado que se trata de la TAK-003 y que este laboratorio japonés de referencia comenzará el proceso productivo de la misma de modo tal de estar en condiciones de enviar el primer lote al país.
“El laboratorio está trabajando para acortar los tiempos de producción y distribución, estimando que estará disponible en nuestro país para mediados de la primavera”, indicó el laboratorio Takeda en un comunicado de prensa.
Esta vacuna se basa en el virus del dengue 2, al que se añade ADN de los otros tres serotipos para proteger contra cualquiera de los cuatro tipos de dengue, mientras que su forma de administración son dos dosis que deben ser aplicadas en un intervalo de tres meses.
“En un estudio clínico que incluyó a más de 20 mil participantes, durante 4,5 años, la vacuna demostró reducir un 84% las hospitalizaciones por dengue y un 61% los casos de dengue sintomático“, indicó, por otra parte, el comunicado del laboratorio.
El ministerio indicó que la TAK-003, también conocida como Qdenga, recibió su primera aprobación en agosto de 2022 en Indonesia y posteriormente en la Unión Europea en diciembre del año pasado; luego, le siguieron el Reino Unido en enero de 2023 y recientemente ha sido también aprobada por la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria de Brasil (Anvisa).
“La llegada de una nueva vacuna siempre abre una esperanza de prevenir una enfermedad y, fundamentalmente, de poder prevenir el impacto más grave de la misma, sobre todo aquellos casos que pueden requerir internaciones y poner en riesgo la vida. En relación con esta vacuna contra el dengue, lleva varios años de investigación y desarrollo que permiten confirmar su seguridad y eficacia, y puede ser administrada independientemente de que la persona haya tenido o no dengue previamente“, sostuvo Pablo Bonvehí, jefe de Infectología del Hospital Universitario CEMIC.
“La evolución de la enfermedad causada por el dengue está relacionada con factores de la persona que se infecta y la manera que responde a la infección, el serotipo que infecta a la persona, y la consulta precoz“, afirmó, por su parte, Eduardo López, jefe del Departamento de Medicina del Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez.
El estudio de la vacuna en el que se realizó un seguimiento por 4,5 años demostró una eficacia en prevención de dengue sintomático de 61% y en prevención de hospitalización por dengue de 84%. Son cifras de eficacia muy contundentes”, agregó López.
Autoridades del Ministerio de Salud, en tanto, mantuvieron un encuentro con especialistas y expertos para analizar las diferentes vacunas aprobadas contra dengue, o en vías de aprobación, así como estudiar las posibles recomendaciones de implementación de una vacuna contra esta enfermedad.
De la reunión formaron parte representantes del laboratorio Takeda, como del Instituto Butantan de Brasil y del laboratorio Sanofi-Pasteur, quienes presentaron una actualización de los estudios de fase III de sus vacunas contra dengue.
El grupo de expertos y autoridades sanitarias consideró que, en base a los datos presentados, ninguna vacuna cumple función de bloqueo frente a un brote de dengue como el que tiene lugar actualmente en nuestro país.
En ese sentido, coincidieron en que la mejor estrategia de prevención sigue siendo la participación de la comunidad en relación al control y eliminación de criaderos de mosquitos, así como el fortalecimiento de la comunicación de las medidas de prevención para evitar picaduras de mosquitos y el empleo de métodos de aislamiento vectorial (repelentes, espirales, mosquiteros, etc.).
Asimismo, consideraron que la mayor carga de enfermedad, que se traduce en sobrecarga del sistema de salud, está vinculada a las formas leves o moderadas que no requieren hospitalización.
Por su parte, la tasa de mortalidad y de formas graves es baja, de modo que la incorporación de una vacuna podría pensarse para bajar la carga de enfermedad, y evitar la sobrecarga en el sistema de salud.
Finalmente, los presentes acordaron que, en enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, la vacunación no es ni debe ser la única estrategia de prevención, aun cuando pudiera contarse con vacunas eficaces, seguras y económicas.
En este sentido cabe además destacar que el mismo vector Aedes aegypti es capaz de transmitir otros virus como el zika y el chikungunya, enfermedades para las cuales aún no se cuenta con vacunas.
Por lo tanto, es necesario continuar fortaleciendo la estrategia de gestión integrada implementada en América Latina por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (EGI-Dengue) abordando la vigilancia epidemiológica, la promoción de políticas ambientales para control del dengue, la gestión integrada del control vectorial, el cuidado del paciente, el establecimiento de una red de laboratorios virológicos, y la comunicación social para el cambio conductual.
Hasta la semana epidemiológica 15 de 2023, es decir hasta el 15 de abril, se notificaron en el país 56.324 casos de dengue, de los cuales 51.637 adquirieron la infección en la Argentina.
Al momento, la circulación de este virus se ha identificado en 15 jurisdicciones correspondientes a cuatro regiones: Región Centro (Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Córdoba; Entre Ríos; Santa Fe); región NEA (Corrientes; Formosa; Chaco); región NOA (Catamarca; Jujuy; La Rioja; Salta; Santiago del Estero; Tucumán) y la provincia de San Luis en la región Cuyo.
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